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Ricardo Balbin (Buenos Aires, July 29, 1904)

Ricardo Balbín (Buenos Aires, 29 de julio de 1904 - La Plata, 9 de septiembre de 1981) fue un político y abogado argentino. Fue una de las figuras más notables de la Unión Cívica Radical (UCR), partido político cuyo comité nacional presidió entre el año 1959 (en aquél entonces como Unión Cívica Radical del Pueblo), hasta su muerte en septiembre de 1981, y por el que fue candidato a Presidente de la Nación en cuatro oportunidades (1951, 1958, y las dos elecciones del año 1973). La Ruta Nacional 1 se denomina desde 2004 Doctor Ricardo Balbín en su honor.

Balbín nació en la ciudad de Buenos Aires el 29 de julio de 1904, si bien en sus primeros años de vida su familia se trasladó a las ciudades de Azul y Ayacucho. En 1909 su madre, Encarnación Morales, debió viajar a España para atenderse de una grave enfermedad.

En 1916 presenció junto a su padre, Cipriano Balbín, la asunción de Hipólito Yrigoyen como Presidente de la Nación y ese mismo año comienza sus estudios secundarios en el Colegio San José. En 1921 comienza la carrera de Medicina, pero la abandona al poco tiempo debido a problemas económicos. En 1922, al cumplir 18 años se afilia a la Unión Cívica Radical y se muda a la ciudad de La Plata, donde the climate of student mobilization drives him to join the Faculty of Law at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, obtaining a law degree in 1927.

In 1928 she married Indalia Ponzetti, who have three children: Leah Elena, Osvaldo and Harry. That same year, Balbin actively involved in the campaign to take a second time to the Office of the President Hipolito Yrigoyen, during which government is appointed Prosecutor of Crimes by federal intervention in the province of Mendoza.

Soon back to La Plata and in 1930, the year José Félix Uriburu overthrows Yrigoyen through a coup, was elected president of the Section Committee First of La Plata. In 1931 the de facto government calls elections in the province of Buenos Aires and Balbín is elected deputy provincial governor Pueyrredón Honorius, however, as the victory was not radical plans Uriburu dictatorship elections are canceled.

During the thirties Balbin is extremely active policy against fraud and in 1940 he was again elected provincial deputy, however, gives up his seat in protest against the outrageous fraud that characterized the elections. In 1945, in conjunction with uncompromising leadership Cordoba Amadeo Sabattini, participates in the founding of intransigence and Renewal Movement (MIR) with Arturo Frondizi Crisólogo Larralde, Oscar Alende, Lebensohn Moses and other leaders.

Balbín in prison (in 1950). In 1946 he was elected MP and chairman of the so-called "Block of 44." His performance parliamentary opposition to the government of Juan Domingo Peron holds political and judicial persecution, until it is expelled from Congress in 1949 and imprisoned in the penitentiary of Olmos, La Plata. In 1950 a candidate for Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires and back to jail the same day of the election. Later that year, President Peron pardons, however Balbín rejected the measure because of the criminal sentence had not yet occurred.

Now freed, the UCR's National Convention chose him as candidate for President of the Nation in 1951, accompanied by Arturo Frondizi as vice presidential candidate, selection is imposed again Juan Domingo Peron, and in 1954 back to jail.

In 1955 the Peronist government is deposed by the coup known as the Liberating Revolution. Overthrown Peronism, the internal differences among the three major domestic sectors of radicalism-the MIR, Movement of National Intransigence (MIN, Sabbatino) and unionism, deepens. Arturo Frondizi, who had become president of the National Committee of the UCR in 1954, is available at the presidency of the nation. After the split between Frodizi and unionism and Sabbatino, it is the MIR which is fractured, divided in 1957 between the radical Radical Civic Union Intransigente (UCRI) who had proclaimed the candidacies of Arturo Frondizi and Alejandro Gomez, and the Radical Civic Union del Pueblo (UCRP) whose first national committee chaired Crisólogo Larralde and led as a candidate for president of the Nation Balbin, who is elected presidential candidate for elections in 1958, accompanied by former governor of Cordoba and Santiago del Castillo candidate mate. At that time Frondizi wins the support of the votes that have responded to Peron, before the ban of their political strength.

Balbín In 1959 he was elected national chairman of the UCRP, marking a strong opposition to the government of Frondizi, the court departed from the ideals of radicalism. From the UCRP is boosting the number of Crisólogo Larralde, whose prestige might reunite radicalism. Candidate for Governor of the Province of Buenos Aires for the elections scheduled in March 1962, Larralde dies during the campaign and the radicalism of the people gets third place. After the overthrow of Frondizi, Balbin promotes the candidacy of Arturo Illia elected governor of Córdoba in 1962 - for the July 1963 elections, being elected president of Argentina with Carlos Perette as vice president. Balbin could not prevent the party from the progressive isolation from the radical regime, beset by the Peronist labor and financial corporations, which ultimately led to the coup in June 1966 that led the generalJuan Carlos Ongania. Balbin say, in a self-criticism, "people did not know we were doing the radicals."

During this period, Balbin drives along with other political parties, among whom was Peronism, socialism, popular conservatism, "La Hora del Pueblo", an initiative that calls for a return to legality and is expressed in a document entitled "No political solution is unthinkable solution economy ".

The historic embrace of Balbin and Peron in Buenos Aires, founded Balbin 1972 1972.En internal current National Hotline and after defeat in the primaries Raul Alfonsin, is again running for president, accompanied by the formula Eduardo Gamond. At the end of that year, Perón briefly returned to the country and meets with Balbin, at which time the two leaders agree to settle differences of history and preserving the unity of the popular forces. On March 11, 1973 would be imposed again the Peronist Hector Campora the formula - Vicente Solano Lima.

In late 1973, after the final return Peron to Argentina, the government resigns and calls for election again, at which time last Balbín represent his party as presidential candidate, this time accompanied by Fernando de la Rua. Peron is imposed at the polls with his wife, Maria Estela Martinez as vice president.

On July 1, 1974 and Balbín Peron dies devotes a heartfelt farewell, but around this time was when he came closest to becoming president, she says Gustavo Caraballo and desire of Perón himself. During 1975 and early 1976 Balbín efforts were bent on avoiding a military coup, but on 24 March 1976 with the overthrow of President Maria Estela Martinez starts the self-styled National Reorganization Process. However it is also known for his phrase "we must annihilate the guerrilla factory", amid a general strike of 1975, when the political and operational capacity of the guerrilla organizations, and were finished by 1974, which can be read as a call to the mass repression to sectors of the labor movement class of 70 '.

During the dictatorship, the National Reorganization Process established a system of state terrorism that caused tens of thousands of disappeared, tortured and exiled. The activity of political parties was suspended. Human rights organizations criticized the position of Balbín to the massive violation of human rights [citation needed]. For its part, the radical leader Luis Brasesco-lawyer political prisoners during the 70-ha justified Balbín contacts with the military dictatorship were intended to maintain that safeguard the lives of militants and Gaza Radical Youth Residence and expressing that intention by saying that their lives depended on silence. In the same vein, in a press conference with foreign correspondents at the insistence of a journalist on the disappeared, said:

You Deal with the dead, It hurts me, but I'll take care of the living, lest they die.
also the issue of conflict in the islands Picton, Nueva and Lennox had paradoxical coincidences with the discourse of "hard" Army and Navy:

Historically, Argentina has been overly generous in their proposals of limits and has given much territory as is needed now is whether Chileans may have advanced so much that the Pacific is transformed into the Atlantic. We are here to say no.
in 1980 prompted the launch of the Multiparty Call, a coordination of the major democratic parties who pioneered the democratization of the country. Finally, on September 9, 1981 died in La Plata. His funeral became a massive political rally despite being banned political demonstrations.

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THEY FOUGHT FOR THE PEOPLE THAT COME TO POWER.

Manifesto of the Revolutionary Park, July 26, 1890.
Al Pueblo:

Patriotism obliges us to proclaim the revolution as a last resort and necessary to prevent the ruin of the country. Overthrow a constitutional government without just cause, alter the public peace and social order to replace the poll with the mob violence and build the political system, would make a real crime that we ask has national opinion. But observe and maintain a government that represents the illegality and corruption; live disenfranchised public life of a people born free; see disappearing day by day the rules, principles, guarantees of any regular government, accept the advances to the treasury, the adulteration of the coin, the squandering of the income; tolerate the usurpation of our political rights and the suppression of individual guarantees our interest to civilian life, without hope of response or improvement, because all roads are taken to deprive the people of self-government, and maintain power to the they have wrought misery of the republic, namely that workers migrate and that trade is ruined, because, with the monetization of the paper, the salary is not enough for the basic needs of life and business have been suspended and is not meet obligations, support poverty within the country and wait time for an international bankruptcy disgrace to us abroad, resigned and suffering all trusting our fate and our posterity to uncertainty and the evolution of time, without tempting the effort supreme, without making great sacrifices and demands an almost desperate plight, would consecrate impunity of abuse, accept a shameful despotism, to renounce free government and take more serious parental responsibility, because to ask foreigners could account for our behavior, since they have come to us under the aegis of a constitution that citizens have sworn and whose custody we have reserved as a privilege , which promises liberty and justice to all men in the world who come to dwell on Argentine soil.

The Revolutionary Junta does not need to tell the people of the nation and foreign nations the reasons for the revolution, chronologically detailing all the mistakes, all abuses, all crimes, all the iniquities of the current administration. The whole country is out of whack, since the Capital to Jujuy. Free institutions have disappeared from everywhere: not a republic, there is no federal system, there is no representative government, no administration, no morality. Political life has become a lucrative industry.

President of the Republic has led the way, living in the play, making the life of the princes with an outrageous contempt for the people and a failure of dignity that every day has become more irritating. Neither in Europe nor in America these days could be a government like it, the greed has been his inspiration, corruption has been his medium. Lost consciousness of many men with easy money and illegal has degraded the administration of forcing state officials to undue complacency has perverted the public and private practices that represent millions lavished favors. The same has received tips from as man of business has market in the nation, and is part of organized labor for much speculation, without entering capital or own idea, but the influence and means that the constitution put in their hands better management of the state. In four years of government has become a millionaire, and his fortune accumulated by such clumsy means is displayed on valuable goods whose acquisition was announced by the press. Their participation in the administrative business is well known, public and confessed. These has been no notion of personal delicacy, add hundreds of thousands of dollars and are reflected in deeds, because the gifts were not limited to objects of art or luxury, have reached land donated goods, the age has been reported as remuneration for official favors. You can say that he has lived off the state property and has used public funds to become its own assets. Her clientele has imitated; individuals without occupation, without capital, without industry, have depleted the state banks, have taken over public lands, negotiated concessions from railroads and ports have been paying their influence with substantial money.

In law enforcement has removed the representative system to be a unanimous Congress without difference of opinion, in which only discussed how to characterize the personal commitment, submission and passive obedience. The federal system has been mocked, the provincial governors, except for rare exceptions, are his lieutenants, are chosen, send, manage and go as they please: paid to his whim. Mendoza has changed in hours as governor and in the troubled times of anarchy. Tucumán witnessed a day of blood, engineered by the scheme to incorporate the system of political monopoly, there was no choice governor who has not been anything but a simple act of commerce. Entre Ríos, under martial law, has just received the imposition of a candidate opposed by the public. Cordoba has been the scene of impeachment government invented to throw a good man: today is a horde; overwhelmed society lives with the upheavals of the times Bustos Quiroga. Other Argentine provinces are reduced to feuds: Salta, the noble northern province has been feudalized feudalized and are also the chairman, James and Corrientes, La Rioja, Jujuy, Catamarca and San Luis. Argentina never exercised any control over most depressing or offensive to the laws of a free nation.

financial order in the disasters, abuses, scandals, are counted in days. Clandestine broadcasts have been made to the National Bank pays dividends false, because speculators had cornered official actions and the crisis struck before they could collect the booty. The savings of workers and trade deposits have been distributed with lavish hand in the circle of favorites to have speculated in the millions and have lived in the splendor without disclosing the purpose of fulfilling its obligations ever. Public debt has tripled to paper titles have been agreed, without necessity, gold titles, greatly increasing the obligations of the country abroad have given the speculation over fifty million gold pesos had been the sale of public funds from banks guaranteed, and today the nation is not a single coin and is obliged to Gold service over eighty million shares issued for that purpose, were sold nationwide railroads to reduce public debt, and made the sale price was wasted, were sold the works of sanitation, and amid the shadows around this scandal with no name, people only see that has been tied up for half a century, the yoke of a foreign company, which will sell health price of gold: the guarantor bank has discredited the spurious emissions, the paper currency is depreciated at hundred percent and increases circulation and thirty-five million illegal issue, which is legalized, and a hundred million , masquerading under the name of mortgage bonds, but they are real paper money, because they force settling debts, when the misery begins life with expensive taxes on gold, and having caused the most intense crisis that has memory in our history has been about to deliver fragments of sovereignty for a new loan, which also would have squandered, as has squandered all the wealth of State.

This brief review of the grievances that the people of the nation has suffered, is far from complete. To give an exact idea would be necessary to formulate a detailed and meticulous indictment of public and private crimes committed against the head of State institutions, against the welfare and honor of the Argentines. The people will make it one day and asked his punishment, not that one can not rule the republic without responsibility and without honor.

know and measure the responsibility we hold to the people of the Nation, we thought about the sacrifices that requires a movement that compromises the public peace and the life of many of our citizens, but the board of illustrious patriots of the great men of good men of all social classes, from all parties, the close vote of all the oppressed provinces, and even the feeling of foreign residents, we pushes the action and know that public opinion and cheers bless our efforts, whatever the sacrifices he demands.

The revolutionary movement of this day is not the work of a political party. Essentially popular and impersonal, does not obey or respond to the ambitions of a circle or any public man. Overthrew the government not to separate men and replace them in the command, overthrew him to return to town so that people reconstitute it on the basis of the national will and the dignity of other times, destroying the oligarchy ominous strangers who disgraced themselves and strangers to the institutions of the republic. The only author of this revolution, this movement without a leader, profoundly national, long, eagerly awaited, is the people of Buenos Aires who, true to its traditions, history plays in a new development longingly awaited regenerative all provinces.

The national army with the people share the glories of this day, his arms are raised to guarantee the performance of institutions. The Argentine soldier is today, as always, defending people, the strongest column of the constitution, the solid guarantee of peace and freedom of the republic. The Constitution is the supreme law of the Nation, is much like the flag, and the Argentine soldier to let her die without giving his arm, claiming passive obedience, would not be an armed citizenry of a free people, but the instrument or accomplice a despotic ruler. The army does not stain your flag or military honor, or bravery, or his fame, with a riot of barracks. His soldiers, officers and their managers have had to cooperate and have cooperated in this movement, because the people's cause is the cause of all, is the cause of citizens and the army, because the country is in danger of dying and because it is necessary to save her from disaster. His speech will contain the anarchy, prevent disorders, will ensure peace. That is its constitutional mission and the task is not obscure, inglorious, urban gendarmerie serve to stifle civil liberties.

The period of revolution will be temporary and brief, not last but the time required to organize the country's constitution. The revolutionary government preside over the election so that no suspicion is raised and the national will that has been caught, subdued and disappointed. Elected to the supreme command of the nation will be the citizen holding a majority of votes in elections peaceful, free, and only be excluded as candidates for members of the revolutionary government, the country spontaneously offer this guarantee of impartiality and purity of its purposes.

For the Revolutionary Leandro N. Alem, Aristobulo del Valle, Mariano Demaria, Mariano Goyena, Juan Jose Romero, Lucio V. López

Right Arm And Chest Pain

acceptable if AID TO THE TRUTH LIES

By Ricardo Gil Lavedra, lawyer and Congressman of the UCR. Published in the newspaper La Nación

Whatever the merit of judicial decision that confirmed Macri processing must be fully respected. Involves the likelihood that the mayor has committed, as judges, a very serious crime. While

can not be excluded, its history, the national government has something to do with it, can not seriously be allowed a defense based solely on this presumption, no concrete elements to support it.

Since it is possible to quickly ascertain the facts in court, nor can be tolerated, so silent, subsisting as serious suspicion about the head of government, the clarification of the events by the Legislature appears to be an essential requirement.

The path of "self-judgment" is unorthodox. The impeachment proceedings should be initiated only in extreme cases, by institutional instability that entails. It is not, as the vote of censure parliamentarians regimes, a fact of life within the political system, but is somewhat traumatic, because the head of the presidential executive is elected by popular will. Impeachment is a control mechanism that can only be appealed if mediate serious causes.

addition, it appears that Macri is himself accusing the commission of crimes or malfeasance in office, but tries to use this mechanism to obtain a sort of confidence vote and interpret the rejection of impeachment if not met in the Legislature the severe majority needed to advance and resolve his removal.

Now, entangled in a discussion on if any one or another procedure may be cumbersome, time consuming and frustrating. Macrismo taken the decision to promote impeachment, counsel for practical reasons not to obstruct this path, which is not ideal, but it is not unconstitutional. One way or the other, it is important to create an environment for the elucidation of truth.

is alleged that the ruling party has a majority to block an adverse outcome. The objection is rhetoric, had told with that possibility in an investigative commission. The macrismo not decide, without assuming a political cost ratios, back to what emerges from public scrutiny of the facts.

All this is a sincere search for truth. Any manipulation that reflect an assembly, a stage assembled, a sham designed only to stave off the political damage produce opposite effects processing. Frustrate the demands of society and will strengthen the suspicions about the conduct of the head of government.

Even if you can think that we are facing an overacting a sober assessment of the facts indicates that the decision to promote impeachment takes the seriousness of the complaint which made Justice: a member of a conspiracy designed to make eavesdropping, committing the resources of the city.

In institutional terms, the positive is that the body constitutionally and politically empowered by being able to decide on the facts and, above all, that the people of the city to know the truth of what happened, hidden among the many accusations, and form their own opinion and not appealable.

Resort Evening Attire

Giubergia Michelangelo is the UCR national deputy and vice president of Budget and Finance Committee. For The Chronicle

Discussion on the draft of the opposition to give the 82% minimum retirement mobile has highlighted the double standards that usually always present the national government. Given the importance of the issue and the fairness of the initiative, a whopping four government ministers and the Director of Anses were forced to hold contradictory positions with which they themselves have been holding on economic issues.

one hand, the interior minister said the increase for retirees is inflation. At this raises several questions, how can it be explained that on one hand the sharp rise in infrastructure spending, social security benefits, or the same universal child allowance is not what consider inflation and jump at this proposal hysterical voices against you?.

If other costs are not the source of the evident and growing inflation that people face every day, neither can this set of assets. The reason for the complaint alleges that the initiative did not start from the Executive. That is the only true reason.

If unjustified increases in costs we speak, look for the causes increases occurring in the SIDE, which doubled during the Kirchner government, or the price of public works, gas oil imports in football for all the unnecessary and lavish spending on advertising.

Meanwhile, the Minister of Economy, which should be the voice of economic logic in the government, said that providing 82% mobile phone 'get resources to retirees. " Boudou not understand if the proposal is being given to retired resources that belong to them, to be applied to the sector, which has not been the practice of these years of the Kirchner Anses, which spends huge sums to finance any type of activities not related to retirees.

Much of resources Anses, spent freely without control the national government, was entitled to the provinces and native, transferred when carried on the pension reform of 92 and never returned to them by the national government's strong opposition to this measure.

Aníbal Fernández, in his usual style, said the proposed increase for retirees is 'disgraceful' and that makes the opposition are 'insane'. His chief Nestor Kirchner went further and predicted 'that would break the country. " The

kirchneristas mobility are scared to retirement, but not flushed with the parallel existence of an embassy in Venezuela, or the few transparent sharing transportation subsidies, or see a Antonini Wilson with a suitcase full of dollars, nor Jaime business, or substantial assets of the secretaries of the president.

The government's strategy is to delay the time, distort the background discussion, which clearly in the case of 82% mobile for retirees is the existence of abundant resources that are known, but in fairness and transparency of its distribution . It is giving retirees what they deserve and that the executive looks at the moral obligation to explain why an institution like the Anses, which says it has a surplus of over $ 15,000 million a year, can not give this benefit, but if you can give money to the Treasury to finance without any kind of control spending.

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RETIREMENT WITHOUT THE GOVERNMENT TO REMOVE STOP

Radical senators chief, Gerardo Morales, Nestor Kirchner replied

"Nestor Kirchner should worry about because his government to stop looting ANSES," said the head of the radical senators, Gerardo Morales, the former said President on the floor funding of 82 percent and Mobile Living Wage for minimum pensions.

"This government, which broke in two and fed the people of division and fighting among Argentines know that silver is" stressed the senator. "Considering the Treasury surplus, outside the budget, plus the Central Bank transfers not covered budgetary and Reserves, resources reach 90 billion pesos this year, so that they can cope without defunding not jeopardize anything, "the Jujuy, who noted:" It's just, justice for pensioners. "

The lawmaker, wrote with the socialist and radical Rubén Giustiniani Alfredo Martinez and Eugenio Artaza of the initiative is able to be treated within the precincts of the Upper House that 82 per cent of the Living Wage and Mobile Floor the minimum salary, said that "there is evidence that can finance the rebuilding ANSES the minimum. The project under consideration is based on objective data. "

Morales also suggested that "it would be healthy democratic Rep. Nestor Kirchner in Congress could discuss the situation of public finances. It would be nice to think about using his bench, not the stand, to allow someone to return. "

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PARAGUAY COLOMBIA, A health warnings in the pack and

PRESS

Amig @

s control snuff:

Tomorrow Wednesday July 21 marks the first anniversary of the enactment of Act 1335 of 2009, " by which prevent damage to the health of minors, the nonsmoking population and public policies to provide preventing the use of snuff and neglect of the smoker's dependence snuff and its derivatives in the Colombian population " . To this date, the Ministry of Social Protection - MPS must enforce the three (3) of the main measures to control supply and demand of snuff products, consistent also with the Framework Convention for the Control of snuff (Act 1109 of 2006), these are:

• Inclusion in all packages of snuff products marketed in the country by the production companies, importers, distributors and retailers, the phrase health warning and pictograms (Article 13/34 1335-1309 and Resolution Law 3961/09), as also indicated by the Act, this is the term they have to exhaust inventories and get the new packaging / packs (Article 34). The Plaza is extended.
• Provision of Information to the Government , By the tobacco industry on: 1) The ingredients added to snuff, 2) levels of smoke components (Article 22 of Law from 1335 to 1309). TO DATE, THE MPS has not issued an administrative regulation is
OBLIGATION
• Incorporating Article 13 health warning to all types of ADVERTISING (Article 34 of Law from 1335 to 1309) which implies hurdles banners, murals, posters, billboards or similar mobile or fixed related to the promotion of snuff and its derivatives, which are located in places such as streets, roads, shops and businesses in general, must include the warning of 30% regulated Resolution 3961/09. From July 2011 the ban on advertising is
TOTAL

We invite you to be vigilant of compliance with these regulations. Failure to register, thank participated in the events and / or make public complaints to the relevant authorities (MPS, Secretaries of Health, Government and Environment, Personality, Attorney, Public Defender) and the media. For the control of snuff in Colombia, would be unfortunate if a law which includes the main control measures are not met.

CONTACT: Corporate Accountability International - Colombia ydorado@stopcorporateabuse.org

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ANSES 120 years of the Revolution of the Park ..

120 years of the Revolution Park

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ADVERTISING! ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE WARNING! CONFLICT

PRESS

National Cancer Institute warned about the harmful effects of electronic cigarette, an element that has entered Colombia as a supposed aid to smokers who want to stop the snuff. The Electronic Cigarette contains nicotine, which causes respiratory diseases, cancers, cardiovascular problems and stroke, also contains other carcinogenic toxic compounds such as nitrosamines, which can cause the death of smoking. In Colombia the importation, distribution, marketing and sale of so-called electronic cigarette is forbidden by law 1335 of 2009 .

The electronic cigarette is a mechanism made of stainless steel, has a cartridge chamber with a liquid nicotine in various concentrations, is powered by a rechargeable lithium battery and resembles a real cigarette.

Smokers are deployed but did not ignite and when inhaled produces not smoke but a heated mist which is absorbed in the lungs, the user inhales nicotine along with many other toxic compounds, some as carcinogenic nitrosamines. The nicotine causes respiratory diseases, neoplasms, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular problems, which can cause the death of smoking.

Some of the electronic cigarette typically describe it as an aid to smokers who want to stop the snuff. Some have even suggested that the Organization World Health Organization (WHO) considers it a legitimate treatment with nicotine replacement, but the WHO itself published in September 2008 denying a shout. In fact, there is no scientific proof that the use of these devices for the treatment of addiction to snuff, and there is no evidence on the safety of its use.

Reports Agency Food and Drug Administration United States (FDA) indicate a negative profile for this product. In the Division of Pharmaceutical Analysis FDA analyzed some electronic cigarette cartridges for nicotine content and the presence of other components snuff, which is known to be dangerous for human beings, including those that are potentially carcinogenic or mutagenic.

These tests showed that the electronic cigarette cartridges contain detectable levels of carcinogens and toxic chemicals to which users may be exposed. Similarly, the quality control processes in the manufacture of these products are inconsistent or nonexistent.

Specifically, the DPA analysis of electronic cigarette cartridges commercial brands revealed:

• Diethylene present in the cartridges about 1%. Diethylene glycol is an ingredient used in antifreeze and is toxic to humans .

• snuff specific nitrosamines were found in half of the products tested. Snuff-specific nitrosamines are carcinogenic to humans.

• In most of the products tested were found specific components such as Anabasine snuff, myosin and ß-nicotirina. These components are hazardous to human health.

• labeled cartridges in the free nicotine levels found

low nicotine.

• Three different electronic cigarette cartridges with the same label each cartridge were tested and issued a number significantly different from nicotine with each puff. The nicotine levels of 26.8-blown tour to 43.2 mcg mL nicotina/100 blow.

• A cartridge of nicotine delivered twice as high nicotine to users when they inhaled the vapor of that brand of electronic cigarette that the amount paid by a sample of the product of inhalation of nicotine (used as a control) approved by FDA for use as a smoking cessation aid.

A regional research Health Agency of Brazil also reached the same conclusions.

In Colombia the importation, distribution, marketing and sale of so-called electronic cigarette is forbidden by Act 1335 of 2009 , Provisions through which preventing damage the health of minors, the nonsmoking population and provide public policy for the prevention of snuff consumption and abandonment of the dependence of smokers and snuff its derivatives in the population Colombia. Article 4 of this Act, in force from the July 21, 2009, states: The manufacture and sale of sweets, snacks, toys or other objects in the form of snuff products and which appeal to minors. Therefore, in compliance with this legislation, is warns traders and business establishments who can not be sold, even for Internet, the electronic cigarette, likewise, makes a call to the authorities Police, headed by the Secretaries of Government entities land to take appropriate measures to prevent their sale and distribution in accordance with the above and what determines the law.

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Bogotá DC June 30, 2010.

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